President Buhari’s United States Visit – Key Points

Nigeria and United States on Collision Course

Introduction

The hyped visit to the United States by President Muhammadu Buhari climaxed with a meeting with US President Barack Obama.  Events from the visit are currently being digested by both Abuja and Washington DC respectively. The important points or lessons from the visit leans more on the Nigerian side for a nuanced trajectory that may emerge positively if pursued with vigour. There is strong case for optimism in Nigerian diplomacy with US in view of a number of salient developments as a result of the visit.

Important Points

In retrospect, it is now obvious that concluding an early visit by the President to the United States removed apparent diplomatic ambiguity further down the road. Nigeria is an important country that cannot isolate itself even if there is internal consensus on the issue, a rushed job will be ineffective. Of course the usual naiveté of Nigerian elite including an APC governor owing pension arrears of nearly 7 months and a tactless CBN governor stresses points of departure for relevance/irrelevance of such visit. 

• Now that President Buhari has met eye-ball to eye-ball with President Obama, minds have settled on a number of issues. Relationship between both countries has reached a critical point irrespective of Nigerian administration. Essentially time will tell if tangible benefits to Nigeria will emerge direct/indirectly.  It is refreshing that President Buhari continued President Jonathan’s position on illegality of homosexuality and the cultural abhorrence to Nigerian peoples. Curiously President Obama has become homosexuality evangelist confirming that Nigeria/Africa has no credible interlocutor in the White House.

• On Boko Haram, there remains lack of clarity on Nigeria’s narrative. Prior to advancing merits/demerits of seeking Washington DC’s paid assistance critical questions are marginalised. Who are the stakeholders in favour of Boko Haram? What is their objective? What is the relationship between Boko Haram emergence and US war on terror? Who is providing Boko Haram with logistics, funding, supply-chain of sophisticated weapons systems and telecommunication systems?

• A non-state actor cannot successfully pursue a ‘merchandise of death’ with impunity far from populated areas for so long without internal and external support with geopolitical pedigree. For some reason Abuja and most of Nigerian elite are either deliberately blasé or are simply blabbing platitudes nourished by ignorance.

•      Review these facts and conclude the main agent of Africa’s instability; 2011 Libya was attacked and destroyed by NATO/US under President Obama with Nigeria’s acquiescence, then Mali collapsed in tow followed by Central Africa Republic. In all these France led the way under Washington DC imprimatur with Nigeria’s encirclement as a result. There are US drone bases in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso and Niamey Niger respectively; these geopolitical investments including USAFRICOM are national security risks to Abuja. Information emerging from Abuja lacks nuance, consistency and credibility.

One need only to review the photographs of the Presidential visit to suggest numbness in some of the guests, their star-struckness and immediate disconnection with their mission/citizens. Nigerians have been sold down the river before on diplomatic and geopolitical fronts. Nigeria is very low on US priority list even on Africa.

There is renewed potential for the administration to commence gradual reappraisal of Anglo-US worldview which has suffocated and continues to suffocate Nigerian elite in view of reconfiguring global geopolitical of which US has become one of the players rather than the sole player. 

US has drastically reduced if not stopped crude oil purchases from Nigeria. While a rushed demarche is unnecessary, Abuja is best placed in history to commence a gradual review of Nigeria’s foreign policy towards a better reflection of global reality. China has come to town, Russia is hovering in the horizon and post-independence era is closing in for a new epoch.

There will be a test of wills between both capitals on many fronts including the so-called anti-corruption drive with promised US support. Abuja must move cautiously with formidable tact to protect Nigeria’s strategic interest as Washington DC will bring pressure to bear toward extracting new (latent) concessions. It is essential for Abuja to review its position as ‘regional policeman’ vis-a-vis State Department, a throwback to Clinton doctrine. 

It must be stressed that these expectations even with positive intention takes time to bear fruit. Washington DC will disappoint Abuja on many fronts throughout this administration. Abuja should boldly pay close attention to recent US reverses on Cuba and Iran to cast her net wide for nuanced re-calibration. The only key to such development is guaranteed internal cohesion, excellent performance of state governors and consolidation of institutions with the Senate as the lowest hanging fruit ripe for comprehensive treatment.

Conclusion

With United States visit now in the backburner, Abuja’s attention must refocus on the currency of internal institutional changes towards the upliftment and confidence of citizens.  This is an urgent expectation and task, with huge capital of patience and resilience from the good peoples of Nigeria. They are the voters and only they deserve the true rewards of electoral deliverance by the administration of President Buhari. No ifs, no buts! QED.

Is Abuja Ready for Tehran – P5+1 Deal?

Introduction

Given the fact that Nigeria’s accessible income is mostly derived from crude oil sales, in addition to last year’s price collapse it will be interesting to observe how focused and concerned the new administration is towards emerging developments. Despite new administration heavy-tailed leaning on the West, the biggest geopolitical game in town with potential impact on Nigeria is the highly anticipated nuclear deal between Tehran and P5+1. This article attempts to highlight short-term implications for Nigeria vis-a-vis crude oil production and sale considering that Iran is also a member of Oil Producing & Exporting Countries (OPEC).

OPEC Relevance?

OPEC is apparently facing a difficult time which is an expected for any organisation struggling midst global geopolitical reconfiguration of an extraordinary degree. This complex self-image was crystallised in last year’s miscalculated Saudi-Arabia led over-production which unleashed crude oil price collapse. For members like Nigeria it was not only a shocker but a trigger for strategic soul-searching on the role of crude oil in the economy and the relevance of OPEC membership. 

There was no serious statement or action from Abuja at the time and continuing which displays her role as that of mere follower. Nevertheless it must be asserted that Nigeria’s economic problem is not necessarily OPEC membership rather in a near-ontological inability to prudently manage incomes accrued from crude oil sales. It is on record that over the decades various administration have squandered almost trillions of Naira of crude oil income.

New Geopolitical Dances

Between last year and now so much has changed in the world. Saudi Arabia not only got a new king, her foreign policy turned aggressive with new military assertiveness currently unleashed on her small neighbour Yemen. Apparently this regressive imposition is costing Riyadh enormous resources including apparent investments towards the instability of Iraq & Syria respectively. Most importantly Riyadh has become diplomatically resourceful in displaying initiatives outside US influence. This is invested with finesse in the latest rapprochement with Moscow including deals worth billions of riyals covering various sectors such as nuclear development. It must acknowledged that Russia is the world biggest crude oil producer.

While Iranian crude oil production and sale is restricted by US imposed economic sanctions for nearly a decade, declined price and shrunk US market has created a buyer’s market hence China and India have become the biggest buyers and are even enticed with massive discounts for extended supply contracts. Similar patterns of market behaviour surrounds Nigeria’s reality and this could be more severe as Abuja lacks massive storage capacity for unsold production.

In addition North America and Europe from where the most technological firm come from are suffering as a result and this is accelerated by austerity economic doctrine. Increased cost of production and low profit margin have led to massive cancellation of production contracts, retrenchment of employees and decline in crude oil investment around the world including Nigeria.

Enter the Mullah

As United States reluctantly admits to her declining global power and influence which is grossly reflected in the sudden engagement with her erstwhile rivals (Cuba & Iran) and reaching deals with them, attention focused strongly on Tehran. The upheavels, instability and collapse of the Arab World of course at US instigation has confronted Washington DC with new unanticipated realities. With Russia and Beijing watching from a distance as the sub-region burns in the last 2 decades, the only country within the sub-region isolated from this geopolitical cauldron is Iran. 

Mere engagement by Washington DC simply acknowledged Tehran’s quintessential role as the region’s unquestionable top power. This make for uncomfortable calculus in Washington DC and other regional capitals as most of the countries are allied to the US as they are crude oil producers. Importantly they are also OPEC members and toe US line on energy policy.

These regional capitals are uncomfortable with Tehran – P5+1 negotiations which will surely end with elevating Tehran’s profile, reconfigure sub-region geopolitics and lift economic sanctions against Iran. One implication of this measure is the return of Iran into the global market, restoration of pre-sanction crude oil production levels and  reverberations on the market.

Nigeria’s Play

It is a matter of time for Iran to usher into a sanction-free economic status. The final phase of nuclear negotiations is dealing specifically with economic sanctions with Tehran pitching for immediate & comprehensive cancellation in a single swoop. Moscow and Beijing share similar view. It is obvious that United States which rushed for this form of economic warfare is emotionally attached to these economic sanctions. Tehran has made it clear that no deal will emerge without comprehensive lifting of sanctions. The ball is left in Washington DC court.

Once sanction is lifted Iran will apply for quota expansion in OPEC as an inevitable procedure. Reallocation of quotas must be considered and approved and at this point OPEC’s future as a viable geopolitical force will be decided. Nigeria’s quota may inevitably shrink and by a significant proportion. Reduced production means reduced sales. Another fundamental issue is that Iran revised-production entry into the market will affect prices probably negatively. This implies that between 6 – 12 months (late 2016) post-sanctions crude oil price may continue to hover below $50 per barrel with potential social impacts.

There is no public statement or reaction from Abuja so far on these anticipated developments. There is no indication these events are followed in the absence of a seating oil minister coupled with new administration focus on domestic security. In addition there remains uncertainty as to a determined course of foreign policy by the administration. There is a strong currency towards the West as observed in high-profile meetings and select international engagements.

One can only surmise that despite the relevance of the subject, Abuja will be constrained by generation-long misuse of processes, maladministration of resources and corruption in governance/management. Like a determined fighter, focusing attention in one area may be the best strategy and this area will surely not be on the subject at hand.

First Shadow of Doubt on Buhari Administration

Introduction

For anyone following events, statements and exchanges in Nigeria’s new political dispensation; there is a keen plot managed by the ruling party and opposition to contest the terrain of credibility. While this move is the natural extension of survival instinct towards victory in subsequent elections, considering that the administration is less than 2 months old; it is important to review this credibility quotient on a single variable.  Did the former administration leave office with empty national treasury?

Shooting with Talk and Repeating a Lie

Without personalising the issue, various persons and officials of the new administration & APC have at different times in the last few weeks made comments and statement stressing the lack of cash in the national treasury. These are strong and forceful comments made either to curry attention of the population, or they are part of hold-on strategy to save time. The main question is thus; was the national treasury empty indeed on 29^th May 2015? The curious thing about state-related comments is the near absence of evidence and also the expectation that citizens will swallow such statement uncritically. What the elected officials make of citizens remains mystery.

President Buhari, Vice President Osibanjo and various APC stalwarts shared in this merry-go-round mantra of empty national treasury. What did they mean by empty national treasury? What image did they convey? That state money is absent and none came/coming in and none is available? In any case the Federal government is constrained and is unable to have access to its own fund in its various repositories. Does it mean that Federal government has one single pot of money called national treasury? 

Of course a critical reader or listener will surely wait for evidence while reviewing his/her position of the commenter at the particular point in time. Repeating the same evidence-lite statement over time is tantamount to deliberate misinformation which in itself is a threat to the national security. Leaders must make themselves to be trusted rather than expect be trusted devoid of substance.

State Bailout

One of the mysteries meandering in the new administration is the case of unpaid salaries. Payment of salaries is not an achievement while non-payment is both subversive and reactionary. The tradition of non-payment or irregular payment of salaries is consolidating across the board. These experiences epitomise a state in a very primitive state of consciousness and a very challenging future. It is a national disgrace. Sadly and from statement from various stakeholders excluding owed employees, no one can be believed and trusted on face value. Something happened to these funds and citizens and owed employees are expected to fold. Wonderful!

The Federal government in the person of President Buhari has intervened approving billions of Naira to offset overhead cost and backlog of arrears. Various newspapers reported on this fund approval. Where did this money come from? Is it borrowed internally or from abroad? If it is sourced internally and from government coffers, was the national treasury empty? If the national treasury was not empty why was the President and his officials making statement on the contrary? If the treasury was not empty, was the President deliberately misinforming citizens to tarnish the previous administration on all grounds? If the treasury was not empty, doesn’t President’s action amount to listlessness and lack of concentration in the face of serious & complex issues?

On this point a serious factor emerges and this is the issue of trust. If it emerges that the national treasury was not empty and that over a month was spent telling citizens otherwise and finally fund there from is allocated for bailout this week; then the new administration has made its first investment in trust-deficit. This on proven evidence should be a dangerous precedent and a sign of things to happen. 

Early Flailing

While it isn’t early in the day to forensically analyse the new administration, it is proper to not only to critic but to extract evidence of credibility, positive governance, responsibility and prudence on its part. Naturally the new administration is overwhelmed by demands and requirements of office, the only equipments for positive performance are tenacity and delivery.  On these points does Nigerians hang their hopes, they are not expecting clearing of the Augean table but massive improvement towards restoration of their collective dignity.  Nigerians are not disposed to accommodate early flailing in the new administration. Neither do they have room for another round of questionable excuses.

Christo-Geopolitical Dimension of EU-Greek Struggle

Introduction

As EU-Greek crisis moves into another gear a new realisation is dawning on majority of Europeans who are apathetic by persuasion. The ping-pong of summits and proposals between Brussels & Athens are facades behind serious power struggle beyond apparent class struggle. This is the renewing of aggressive spiritual power struggle at geopolitical scale in the likes of previous centuries and now delineating new spatial and locational consequences. This is a fatal struggle between international capital behind the farce called Troika and Greece (for electing the wrong government).  In the final analysis, Athens has options built in her millennia-long Christian heritage for lasting solution.

1^st, Death of Democracy

The first casualty in many asymmetric power struggles is truth. The powerful secular media that control and re-redirect the narrative seem to have a hypnotised audience in the European core feeding voraciously as their profit increases with painting Greece black. Apparently in an era of ideological regression the Greek government is misrepresented as left-leaning when no such thing exists. Greeks count for nothing. For those especially the commons who assimilate media contents without critical analysis, there is simplicity of offender/offended in black and white to consume in faith. Complexity is unfriendly with time hence the buoyancy of 24-hour news.

Without recounting the political trails, Greece (infected with austerity) is currently no longer digested as the so-called origin of European democracy and or European civilisation as such honour no longer fit the times. By so doing a re-appropriation of narrative imposed sharp anathema to any mention of current Greek democratic credentials. The government is elected but....So the option gradually unveiled is regime-change by stealth orchestrated by Berlin and backed by Washington DC.

There is no doubt the debate cannot fail to recognise that Greek citizens in previous governments deliberately and against the laws of the land spearheaded to dubiously borrow huge funds under opaque odious condition in cahoots with dubious foreign lenders. Probably in the name of democracy!

Dissociating Europe from Independence

The first sign that the current crisis will be not have a smooth run was when the German Chancellor hid behind that facade of economic multilateralism to abdicate leadership and responsibility by inviting IMF to sort out ‘storms’ from Athens.  This would have been a European affair with lasting solutions generated and implemented with EU system and institutions.  In any case Berlin didn’t think that Dublin experience can be repeated in Athens with robustness i.e. transfer of private (bank) debt to public balance sheet hence converting country into austerity/debt colonies.  

With IMF on the driving seat, Washington DC’s imprimatur is fait accompli with iron-clad endorsement.  Regardless of geographical configuration, the dominant driver of these virulent austerity expectations is international capital that has finally & successfully invaded and held government in captivity.  International capital is a network of interlocking, powerful and experienced inter-generational geopolitical profiteers whose emergence gradually took hold since 18^th century on the back of evil winds of Renaissance and Reformation.

The Power of Religious Geography & Time

Even before austerity became the economic doctrine of European Union, spatial delineation of territory presented a binary split between the haves and the previously had. Of course it is also the case that Bonn and Paris complemented each other in their geopolitical design on Europe under Washington DC auspices (probably without scenario of USSR collapse), the practical expectations of the economic grand design remained hollow and fudged. If experiences are fast-forwarded to 2008 and beyond, a clear geographical conclusion emerges. 

Whether your refer to them as Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece & Spain (PIIGS) or emerging France, Italy, Greece & Spain (FIGS); these are Catholic-majority countries whose primary shone and extinguished before 20^th century. In the case of Ireland, the light never shined.  These were grand players in the erstwhile Christendom, dividing up the known world, imposition and genociding populations mischievously in God’s name. Papal authority was as much potent in the era until its temporal powers were prophetically decapitated and consigned to few acres of Roman fields. Apparently all the countries of Europe with constitutional monarchies are mostly non-catholic; this is no mere geographical fluk.

Curiously these spaces of current austerity and colonies of virulent capitalism where geopolitical giants of earlier centuries and now have not only fallen on hard times but are in irreversible decline that shames their past histories. It remains to be seen or concluded that the austerity spaces have become victims of Weberian convolution of protestant capitalism bearing in mind that the essential theological-biblical underpinning is compromised and in some sense heretical. 

Historical Profiteering Political Ventures

Geopolitical reconfiguration remains an active instrument of non-provincial ambition and the middle of the 18^th century open the lid towards overthrowing of old systems dominated by strong link to the Catholic faith. PIIGS[1] and FIGS as former strongholds turned into veritable experimental spaces for Renaissance/Reformation-propelled revolutions of replacement. The governors of these territories at the time may not have given serious responses to the challenges to their prerogatives by supposed usurpers. However the power of profit and capital unhinged from political aprons saw opportunity in exploiting networks of powerful contacts within the empires to increase wealth accumulation by any means necessary including genocidal bloodshed.

Beyond the bland histories of revolutions, revolutionary conflicts and violent overthrows; are strategic investments and robust logistics made by their anti-Christian investors over time towards successful ousting and consolidation of power in any Catholic capital of interest. French revolution is nothing more than an upstage and repositioning of the profiteering structures of the empire and her possession to favour International capital. 

Of course the dark forces behind these changes emerged from the supine and weakened attention of the Catholic faithful as various prophetic warnings were dismissed and disregarded. 1789 couldn’t have been starker with the enthronement of a republic based on nebulous liberty, equality & fraternity while Catholic Church and faith overnight became an object of destruction and targets of annihilation. Current French indebtedness is an old as the revolutions as investor continued to lend fund for Napoleonic & successive wars to the present day.

Almost a 100 years later similar stirrings commenced in Imperial (Orthodox Catholic) Russia with International capital offering funds, ideas, strategies and logistics over time with most the assistance coming from United States. This is the same United States that Imperial Russia rescued from her obnoxiously imposed civil war as the only reliable ally against profiteers. Casualties of the pre-Bolshevik era include Prime Minister Stolypin and thousands of innocent Russians. The usual misinforming narrative of imperial incompetence and maladministration have no serious basis considering that towards the end of the 19^th century Russia successfully completed the biggest construction project in the world; Trans-Siberia Railway. By 1917 the imperial system was fully compromised, weakened and overthrown.

Lenin was no genius as approximated rather a figurehead of the new band of profiteers. His sponsorship by International capital in Europe is no secret as there is no evidence he arrived Moscow in a sealed train. Moreover the loot he commandeered from revolutionary upheaval and profit therefrom with his International capital sponsors is equally obvious in suppressed evidence. Of course Imperial Russia was a bastion of Orthodox Catholicism which apparently is an obstacle to regressive capitalism. So the 1917 Fatima Prophecy on Russia was a divine imprimatur on the consolidation of transnational secular &moral regression already in progress and advanced by International capital. 

Naturally anti-God mask of profit suppressed Orthodox faith. It is also important to stress that energy invested in contrasting communism with capital has no basis. At least Bolshevik communism is an extension of virulent capitalism which is simply the greatest maximisation of profit/wealth in human history. United States investment in Bolshevik Russia/USSR is the single unitary & primary driver of its existence for the period it lasted (Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution by Anthony Sutton). 

USSR was a geopolitical business funded and financed by and from United States even if it means a genocide of a most of the population Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Vol. 1 -3, by Anthony Sutton).  To suggest that the peoples of the USSR paid a high price for Bolshevism will be a gross understatement. Disinformation and misinformation will not countenance it with near certainty of strongly embedded inter-generational abuse of history in the West. 

Once again with powerful instruments of disinformation and misinformation, the context of friction was minimised by those purported to be against Bolshevik communism in the open (West). When one reviews erstwhile cooperation between various Western governments and the Vatican, and also with underground Church in USSR against Moscow during the period; reality maybe contested in light contrary evidence. The whole project of Cold War was and remains a great farce. The real battle was and remains the global geopolitical spiritual power struggle evidenced in not just secularisation which is the erosion of faith/Catholic Church based doctrine but the elimination of God/Christ. Why would a government ban faith/Church for basic social & economic control? For victory in spiritual warfare!

Tightening the Noose

As the beast of EU in collusion with international capital makes delayed assault on the Greek peoples, there was the assurance that Athens will not hold for long. Bundled news fed each day deliberately refuse to yield details of negotiations, points of agreement and reasons for rejection beyond ‘numbers-don’t-add-up’. Greek government crossed their red lines many times beyond count even to the point of challenging their legitimacy based on pre-election manifesto.

Nevertheless their core position reflects that comprehensive debt repayment where applicable must involve the rich paying more and cutting down on large public expenses like military.  What is wrong with high corporation tax with caveat on the top earning bracket? What is wrong with high tax for gambling/casinos? What is wrong cutting down defence spending in peace time? What is wrong with assisting with prosecution of alleged looters of Greek funds?

Therefore the negotiations are made to drag for as long as possible for Greek people to lose faith in their government, tantamount to voting them out in the next election. This geopolitical tactics of psychological operation alias colour revolution must have been anticipated by Greek interlocutors. There is equally an expectation that Athens will be panicked into folding from her core position which also failed. Image-wise EU is presented as a compromised & weak geopolitical player only fit to join conflicts with no expertise/courage in resolutions. If only EU responded appropriately to ‘too-big-to-fail-bank’ problem?

By tightening the noose on Athens and in the absence of Greek capitulation, the political face of international capital will be forced into either undermining itself or yield temporarily against her own conflicting positions. While austerity thrives on very weak credentials, its political potential lacks promise either as voters across Europe watch in bemusement. What is characteristic of Greek opponents is the absence of any element of so-called Christian European values such as debt forgiveness, compassion, kindness and trust. In any case Europe is either less Christian or not Christian at all. The currency of her Christian foundation rings hollow and inconsequential and those driving the hard bargain against Greece do not lay any claim to Christianity i.e. resurrection.  

Battle for the Church

One of the main features of these developments is the apparent disinterestedness of the Catholic Church on this crisis. There is perceived imperviousness in the geopolitical clout of Rome and in the combined opportunities in ethnic conglomerate of the Orthodox Church. As stated earlier countries of former catholic empires have been inundated by the serious invasion of destructive capital in the last 500 years. Do the various arms of the Church appreciate the seriousness and delicate nature of these carefully executed onslaughts?

Case can be made that in the light of current exploits by international capital, it is reaching the end of a phase. Are their opportunities for the Church to seriously engage with this development and arrest it? There are. The vocation of the Church is to pray and pray powerfully. Despite its subordination and dismissal in the West, her praying potency is not lost as testament of her efficacy stubbornly defies her assailants.

Starting with Greece which is dedicated to the Church as her blue and white flag with cross testifies, the Greek Orthodox Church should seeking solidarity and in union with Rome and protestant groups institute prayer sessions with huge participation in public spaces across the land over a period of time. The power of prayer cannot be understated and the power of collective supplication is even more instrumental to reversing entrenched positions of adversaries.

This is the only viable tool of success in this struggle between spiritual powers for the domination of lands and peoples. It matters little if Greece belongs to the EU or not, EU is another flawed geopolitical configuration although with biblical justification; Greece destiny is in her hand to decide because this union is rather that of imposition and Greece shouldn’t have been an EU member in the first place.  Luckily Berlin/Brussels will push her out and remove constrains on her ability to forge ahead compliant with her independence and sovereignty.  Her invaluable Christian heritage among others is a treasure to be deployed for overcoming testing times.

Contrary to a secular conclusion of atheistic West, faith in Christ posses serious weapons capable of blunting austerity infection. Evidence is emerging that austerity doctrine have two options; a climb-down by international capital or war. There is no middle ground and this absence is something that accentuates poverty of leadership in Europe.  So the weapon of prayer becomes the inevitable investment. Beyond the platitude of managed history and the contiguity of European space, one should freely inquire (deeper) reasons behind the escape of Portugal & Spain from satanic & genocidal conflagration that consumed the continent 1939 – 1945.

There was an example in Philippines under President Marcos whose administration can only be summarised as brutal and repressive.  When all efforts by the opposition failed, the Church mobilised the population for prayers in public space and in one of the sessions soldiers deployed to shoot at praying faithful couldn’t deliver their mandates. These sincere public outpourings of faith and supplication not only and successfully resisted the government tide but commenced gradual reversal of its power until was removed in 1986. 

Conclusion

Greek imposed economic crisis is not going to away based on the current obnoxious propagates by Athens and her creditors. International capital & global power elite are not in the business of extracting anything less than their pound of flesh as history reads favourable trend.  It will only take a supernatural divine from Jesus Christ to break the logjam with its positive chain reacting reverberating around the world. It will mean that on such basis the loss for international capital is assured.

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[1] Kingdoms of Portugal & Greece were overthrown by revolutionary forces in the 20^th century; Ireland was under UK for nearly seven centuries. Spanish constitutional monarchy was restored in 1978. Austro-Hungarian Empire ceased after WW1. Belgium is the other surviving Catholic constitutional monarchy in Europe.